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History of the Lombards
The ''History of the Lombards'' or the ''History of the Langobards'' ((ラテン語:Historia Langobardorum)) is the chief work by Paul the Deacon, written in the late 8th century. This incomplete history in six books was written after 787 and at any rate no later than 796, maybe at Montecassino. It covers the story of the Lombards from their mythical origins to the death of King Liutprand in 743, and contains much information about the Byzantine empire, the Franks, and others. The story is told from the point of view of a Lombard patriot and is especially valuable for its treatment of the relations between the Franks and the Lombards. As his primary sources, Paul used the document called the ''Origo gentis Langobardorum'', the ''Liber pontificalis'', the lost history of Secundus of Trent, and the lost annals of Benevento; he also made free use of works by Bede, Gregory of Tours, and Isidore of Seville.
==Editions==
According to a study made by Laura Pani in 2000, there are 115 surviving codices of Paul's history. A popular work in the Middle Ages, as indicated by the number of copies and their dissemination throughout Western Europe, more than twenty of these manuscripts predate the 11th century while another eighty or more were copied later.〔McKitterick 2004, p. 77〕
The relations between these manuscripts were studied by Georg Waitz, who in 1876 identified 11 different families of the ''Historia Langobardorum''.〔McKitterick 2004, pp. 77-78〕 The oldest manuscript is the Palimpsest of Assisi, written in the uncial script towards the end of the 8th century, almost immediately after Paul's work was completed. This palimpsest is, however, far from complete, as it contains only parts of books II and V of Paul's history. The earliest complete manuscript is the ''Codex Sangallensis 635'' written sometime between the 8th and the 10th centuries and designated by Waitz as F1.〔Zanella 2007, p. 105〕 According to Waitz, F1's age makes it the most reliable of the ''Historias codices, a view which has been challenged by Antonio Zanella and Dante Bianchi, both of whom hold that the F1 does not correctly reflect Paul's original.〔Zanella 2007, pp. 105-106〕
Paul's account was largely accepted by subsequent writers, was often continued, and was first printed in Paris in 1514. Among the printed editions of the Latin text, the most authoritative is that edited by Ludwig Konrad Bethmann and Georg Waitz and published in the ''Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Scriptores rerum langobardicarum et Italicarum'' (Hanover, 1878).
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